Core Papers

New Developments in the Use of Botulinum Toxin
New Developments in the Use of Botulinum Toxin

New Developments in the Use of Botulinum Toxin

Alastair Carruthers (1) and Jean Carruthers (2)

(1) Clinical Professor, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada; (2) Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Published:  01 December 2009

 

Summary

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been used in humans for 30 years and carries an impressive record of efficacy and safety, particularly when used in small doses for cosmetic enhancement. No longer confined to the treatment of simple rhytides and folds, adept clinicians can now choose from an array of formulations for increasingly sophisticated indications. Modern BTX-A therapy comprises facial sculpting and shaping, alone or in combination with filling agents and resurfacing modalities, and is an important adjunct to surgical procedures.

 
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