A U.S. prospective cohort study examined whether dietary or supplemental vitamin D intake modulated melanoma risk in 68,611 men and women. Vitamin D intake over the past year and the 10-year use of multivitamins and vitamin D supplements were analyzed. After follow-up to 2006, 455 incident melanomas were identified. No decreased risk of melanoma was identified in the highest quartile of dietary vitamin D intake (relative risk [RR]: 1.13) or 10-year supplemental intake (RR: 1.13) or a combination of the two (RR: 1.05) (Asgari, M.M. et al. J Invest Dermatol 2009, 129(7): 1675).