A study was conducted to improve the understanding of microRNA (miRNA) deregulation in melanoma development and its impact on patient survival. Several miRNAs were differentially expressed between melanocytes, melanomas and melanoma cell lines. For melanomas, miR-193a, miR-338 and miR-565 were underexpressed in cases with a BRAF mutation. Poor melanoma-specific survival was seen in cases of low expression of miR-191 and high expression of mi-R-193b. These findings may be of value in designing complementary prognostic tools for melanoma patients (Caramutata, S. et al. J Invest Dermatol 2010, 130: 2062).